diff --git a/AUTHORS b/AUTHORS
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..919667d86abd4820db8e54bcef27a3f865e9b82b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/AUTHORS
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+The PBC Go Wrapper credits
+
+Nik Unger <pbc (at) taintedbit : com> (Original author)
+
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+The underlying functionality of this library is provided by the PBC library.
+The PBC library was originally authored by Ben Lynn, with many additional
+contributors. See https://crypto.stanford.edu/pbc/ for more details.
diff --git a/COPYING b/COPYING
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..94a9ed024d3859793618152ea559a168bbcbb5e2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/COPYING
@@ -0,0 +1,674 @@
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+THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES, INCLUDING ANY
+GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE
+USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF
+DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU OR THIRD
+PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER PROGRAMS),
+EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
+SUCH DAMAGES.
+
+ 17. Interpretation of Sections 15 and 16.
+
+ If the disclaimer of warranty and limitation of liability provided
+above cannot be given local legal effect according to their terms,
+reviewing courts shall apply local law that most closely approximates
+an absolute waiver of all civil liability in connection with the
+Program, unless a warranty or assumption of liability accompanies a
+copy of the Program in return for a fee.
+
+ END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS
+
+ How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs
+
+ If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest
+possible use to the public, the best way to achieve this is to make it
+free software which everyone can redistribute and change under these terms.
+
+ To do so, attach the following notices to the program. It is safest
+to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively
+state the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least
+the "copyright" line and a pointer to where the full notice is found.
+
+ <one line to give the program's name and a brief idea of what it does.>
+ Copyright (C) <year> <name of author>
+
+ This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ (at your option) any later version.
+
+ This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+ GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+ You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ along with this program. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.
+
+ If the program does terminal interaction, make it output a short
+notice like this when it starts in an interactive mode:
+
+ <program> Copyright (C) <year> <name of author>
+ This program comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type `show w'.
+ This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it
+ under certain conditions; type `show c' for details.
+
+The hypothetical commands `show w' and `show c' should show the appropriate
+parts of the General Public License. Of course, your program's commands
+might be different; for a GUI interface, you would use an "about box".
+
+ You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or school,
+if any, to sign a "copyright disclaimer" for the program, if necessary.
+For more information on this, and how to apply and follow the GNU GPL, see
+<http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+ The GNU General Public License does not permit incorporating your program
+into proprietary programs. If your program is a subroutine library, you
+may consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary applications with
+the library. If this is what you want to do, use the GNU Lesser General
+Public License instead of this License. But first, please read
+<http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/why-not-lgpl.html>.
diff --git a/COPYING.LESSER b/COPYING.LESSER
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..65c5ca88a67c30becee01c5a8816d964b03862f9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/COPYING.LESSER
@@ -0,0 +1,165 @@
+ GNU LESSER GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
+ Version 3, 29 June 2007
+
+ Copyright (C) 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc. <http://fsf.org/>
+ Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
+ of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
+
+
+ This version of the GNU Lesser General Public License incorporates
+the terms and conditions of version 3 of the GNU General Public
+License, supplemented by the additional permissions listed below.
+
+ 0. Additional Definitions.
+
+ As used herein, "this License" refers to version 3 of the GNU Lesser
+General Public License, and the "GNU GPL" refers to version 3 of the GNU
+General Public License.
+
+ "The Library" refers to a covered work governed by this License,
+other than an Application or a Combined Work as defined below.
+
+ An "Application" is any work that makes use of an interface provided
+by the Library, but which is not otherwise based on the Library.
+Defining a subclass of a class defined by the Library is deemed a mode
+of using an interface provided by the Library.
+
+ A "Combined Work" is a work produced by combining or linking an
+Application with the Library. The particular version of the Library
+with which the Combined Work was made is also called the "Linked
+Version".
+
+ The "Minimal Corresponding Source" for a Combined Work means the
+Corresponding Source for the Combined Work, excluding any source code
+for portions of the Combined Work that, considered in isolation, are
+based on the Application, and not on the Linked Version.
+
+ The "Corresponding Application Code" for a Combined Work means the
+object code and/or source code for the Application, including any data
+and utility programs needed for reproducing the Combined Work from the
+Application, but excluding the System Libraries of the Combined Work.
+
+ 1. Exception to Section 3 of the GNU GPL.
+
+ You may convey a covered work under sections 3 and 4 of this License
+without being bound by section 3 of the GNU GPL.
+
+ 2. Conveying Modified Versions.
+
+ If you modify a copy of the Library, and, in your modifications, a
+facility refers to a function or data to be supplied by an Application
+that uses the facility (other than as an argument passed when the
+facility is invoked), then you may convey a copy of the modified
+version:
+
+ a) under this License, provided that you make a good faith effort to
+ ensure that, in the event an Application does not supply the
+ function or data, the facility still operates, and performs
+ whatever part of its purpose remains meaningful, or
+
+ b) under the GNU GPL, with none of the additional permissions of
+ this License applicable to that copy.
+
+ 3. Object Code Incorporating Material from Library Header Files.
+
+ The object code form of an Application may incorporate material from
+a header file that is part of the Library. You may convey such object
+code under terms of your choice, provided that, if the incorporated
+material is not limited to numerical parameters, data structure
+layouts and accessors, or small macros, inline functions and templates
+(ten or fewer lines in length), you do both of the following:
+
+ a) Give prominent notice with each copy of the object code that the
+ Library is used in it and that the Library and its use are
+ covered by this License.
+
+ b) Accompany the object code with a copy of the GNU GPL and this license
+ document.
+
+ 4. Combined Works.
+
+ You may convey a Combined Work under terms of your choice that,
+taken together, effectively do not restrict modification of the
+portions of the Library contained in the Combined Work and reverse
+engineering for debugging such modifications, if you also do each of
+the following:
+
+ a) Give prominent notice with each copy of the Combined Work that
+ the Library is used in it and that the Library and its use are
+ covered by this License.
+
+ b) Accompany the Combined Work with a copy of the GNU GPL and this license
+ document.
+
+ c) For a Combined Work that displays copyright notices during
+ execution, include the copyright notice for the Library among
+ these notices, as well as a reference directing the user to the
+ copies of the GNU GPL and this license document.
+
+ d) Do one of the following:
+
+ 0) Convey the Minimal Corresponding Source under the terms of this
+ License, and the Corresponding Application Code in a form
+ suitable for, and under terms that permit, the user to
+ recombine or relink the Application with a modified version of
+ the Linked Version to produce a modified Combined Work, in the
+ manner specified by section 6 of the GNU GPL for conveying
+ Corresponding Source.
+
+ 1) Use a suitable shared library mechanism for linking with the
+ Library. A suitable mechanism is one that (a) uses at run time
+ a copy of the Library already present on the user's computer
+ system, and (b) will operate properly with a modified version
+ of the Library that is interface-compatible with the Linked
+ Version.
+
+ e) Provide Installation Information, but only if you would otherwise
+ be required to provide such information under section 6 of the
+ GNU GPL, and only to the extent that such information is
+ necessary to install and execute a modified version of the
+ Combined Work produced by recombining or relinking the
+ Application with a modified version of the Linked Version. (If
+ you use option 4d0, the Installation Information must accompany
+ the Minimal Corresponding Source and Corresponding Application
+ Code. If you use option 4d1, you must provide the Installation
+ Information in the manner specified by section 6 of the GNU GPL
+ for conveying Corresponding Source.)
+
+ 5. Combined Libraries.
+
+ You may place library facilities that are a work based on the
+Library side by side in a single library together with other library
+facilities that are not Applications and are not covered by this
+License, and convey such a combined library under terms of your
+choice, if you do both of the following:
+
+ a) Accompany the combined library with a copy of the same work based
+ on the Library, uncombined with any other library facilities,
+ conveyed under the terms of this License.
+
+ b) Give prominent notice with the combined library that part of it
+ is a work based on the Library, and explaining where to find the
+ accompanying uncombined form of the same work.
+
+ 6. Revised Versions of the GNU Lesser General Public License.
+
+ The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new versions
+of the GNU Lesser General Public License from time to time. Such new
+versions will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may
+differ in detail to address new problems or concerns.
+
+ Each version is given a distinguishing version number. If the
+Library as you received it specifies that a certain numbered version
+of the GNU Lesser General Public License "or any later version"
+applies to it, you have the option of following the terms and
+conditions either of that published version or of any later version
+published by the Free Software Foundation. If the Library as you
+received it does not specify a version number of the GNU Lesser
+General Public License, you may choose any version of the GNU Lesser
+General Public License ever published by the Free Software Foundation.
+
+ If the Library as you received it specifies that a proxy can decide
+whether future versions of the GNU Lesser General Public License shall
+apply, that proxy's public statement of acceptance of any version is
+permanent authorization for you to choose that version for the
+Library.
diff --git a/INSTALL b/INSTALL
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..a0630de65be4b393b4e18c0b1d9473f66afa2e1d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/INSTALL
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+This package must be compiled using cgo. It also requires the installation
+of GMP and PBC. During the build process, this package will attempt to
+include <gmp.h> and <pbc/pbc.h>, and then dynamically link to GMP and PBC.
+It also expects a POSIX-like environment for several C functions. For this
+reason, this package cannot be used in Windows without a POSIX compatibility
+layer and a gcc compiler.
+
+Most systems include a package for GMP. To install GMP in Debian / Ubuntu:
+
+ sudo apt-get install libgmp-dev
+
+For an RPM installation with YUM:
+
+ sudo yum install gmp
+
+For installation with Fink (http://www.finkproject.org/) on Mac OS X:
+
+ sudo fink install gmp gmp-shlibs
+
+For more information or to compile from source, visit https://gmplib.org/
+
+To install the PBC library, download the appropriate files for your system
+from https://crypto.stanford.edu/pbc/download.html. PBC has three
+dependencies: the gcc compiler, flex (http://flex.sourceforge.net/), and
+bison (https://www.gnu.org/software/bison/). See the respective sites for
+installation instructions. Most distributions include packages for these
+libraries. For example, in Debian / Ubuntu:
+
+ sudo apt-get install build-essential flex bison
+
+The PBC source can be compiled and installed using the usual GNU Build
+System:
+
+ ./configure
+ make
+ sudo make install
+
+After installing, you may need to rebuild the search path for libraries:
+
+ sudo ldconfig
diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..6d36ea54aff2d9906c18e36c0fb2c24292363f1b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+# The PBC Go Wrapper
+
+Package pbc provides structures for building pairing-based cryptosystems. It
+is a wrapper around the Pairing-Based Cryptography (PBC) Library authored by
+Ben Lynn (https://crypto.stanford.edu/pbc/).
+
+This wrapper provides access to all PBC functions. It supports generation of
+various types of elliptic curves and pairings, element initialization, I/O,
+and arithmetic. These features can be used to quickly build pairing-based or
+conventional cryptosystems.
+
+The PBC library is designed to be extremely fast. Internally, it uses GMP
+for arbitrary-precision arithmetic. It also includes a wide variety of
+optimizations that make pairing-based cryptography highly efficient. To
+improve performance, PBC does not perform type checking to ensure that
+operations actually make sense. The Go wrapper provides the ability to add
+compatibility checks to most operations, or to use unchecked elements to
+maximize performance.
+
+Since this library provides low-level access to pairing primitives, it is
+very easy to accidentally construct insecure systems. This library is
+intended to be used by cryptographers or to implement well-analyzed
+cryptosystems.
+
+## Features
+* 5 different pairing types
+* Pairing generation
+* Parameter export and import
+* Element type checking
+* Fast element arithmetic and pairing
+* Element randomization
+* Element export and import
+* Automatic garbage collection
+* Integration with `fmt`
+* Integration with `math/big`
+
+## Dependencies
+This package must be compiled using cgo. It also requires the installation
+of GMP and PBC. During the build process, this package will attempt to
+include `gmp.h` and `pbc/pbc.h`, and then dynamically link to GMP and PBC.
+It also expects a POSIX-like environment for several C functions. For this
+reason, this package cannot be used in Windows without a POSIX compatibility
+layer and a gcc compiler.
+
+## Documentation
+For additional installation instructions and documentation, see
+https://godoc.org/github.com/Nik-U/pbc
diff --git a/c.go b/c.go
index 91972e05701104803ddbb6d49558cbb32a31837c..3b21558da4c77fba2089a53f1a14d6eeb5cc3ae7 100644
--- a/c.go
+++ b/c.go
@@ -1,3 +1,26 @@
+/*
+ Copyright © 2015 Nik Unger
+
+ This file is part of The PBC Go Wrapper.
+
+ The PBC Go Wrapper is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+ the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ (at your option) any later version.
+
+ The PBC Go Wrapper is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+ GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+ You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+ along with The PBC Go Wrapper. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+ The PBC Go Wrapper makes use of The PBC library. The PBC Library and its
+ use are covered under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+ version 3, or (at your option) any later version.
+*/
+
package pbc
/*
diff --git a/doc.go b/doc.go
index 07ea9d9e1cfa566224341a428f5e6a511f8edd7c..992905131486523f8b6a56a50b938ff3f8a9bf1c 100644
--- a/doc.go
+++ b/doc.go
@@ -1,3 +1,26 @@
+/*
+ Copyright © 2015 Nik Unger
+
+ This file is part of The PBC Go Wrapper.
+
+ The PBC Go Wrapper is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+ the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ (at your option) any later version.
+
+ The PBC Go Wrapper is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+ GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+ You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+ along with The PBC Go Wrapper. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+ The PBC Go Wrapper makes use of The PBC library. The PBC Library and its
+ use are covered under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+ version 3, or (at your option) any later version.
+*/
+
/*
Package pbc provides structures for building pairing-based cryptosystems. It
is a wrapper around the Pairing-Based Cryptography (PBC) Library authored by
@@ -69,11 +92,32 @@
For more information or to compile from source, visit https://gmplib.org/
To install the PBC library, download the appropriate files for your system
- from https://crypto.stanford.edu/pbc/download.html. The source can be
- compiled and installed using the usual GNU Build System:
+ from https://crypto.stanford.edu/pbc/download.html. PBC has three
+ dependencies: the gcc compiler, flex (http://flex.sourceforge.net/), and
+ bison (https://www.gnu.org/software/bison/). See the respective sites for
+ installation instructions. Most distributions include packages for these
+ libraries. For example, in Debian / Ubuntu:
+
+ sudo apt-get install build-essential flex bison
+
+ The PBC source can be compiled and installed using the usual GNU Build
+ System:
./configure
make
make install
+
+ After installing, you may need to rebuild the search path for libraries:
+
+ sudo ldconfig
+
+ License
+
+ This package is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+ under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+ the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your
+ option) any later version.
+
+ For additional details, see the COPYING and COPYING.LESSER files.
*/
package pbc
diff --git a/doc_bls_test.go b/doc_bls_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..7b4c6b0574fccf93b75890ff27e2d87c0c6ccc68
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc_bls_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,123 @@
+/*
+ Copyright © 2015 Nik Unger
+
+ This file is part of The PBC Go Wrapper.
+
+ The PBC Go Wrapper is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+ the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ (at your option) any later version.
+
+ The PBC Go Wrapper is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+ GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+ You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+ along with The PBC Go Wrapper. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+ The PBC Go Wrapper makes use of The PBC library. The PBC Library and its
+ use are covered under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+ version 3, or (at your option) any later version.
+*/
+
+package pbc_test
+
+import (
+ "crypto/sha256"
+ "fmt"
+
+ "github.com/Nik-U/pbc"
+)
+
+// messageData represents a signed message sent over the network
+type messageData struct {
+ message string
+ signature []byte
+}
+
+// This example computes and verifies a Boneh-Lynn-Shacham signature in a
+// simulated conversation between Alice and Bob.
+func Example_signBLS() {
+ // The authority generates system parameters
+ params := pbc.GenerateA(160, 512)
+ pairing := params.NewPairing()
+ g := pairing.NewG2().Rand()
+
+ // The authority distributes params and g to Alice and Bob
+ sharedParams := params.String()
+ sharedG := g.Bytes()
+
+ // Channel for messages. Normally this would be a network connection.
+ messageChannel := make(chan *messageData)
+
+ // Channel for public key distribution. This might be a secure out-of-band
+ // channel or something like a web of trust. The public key only needs to
+ // be transmitted and verified once. The best way to do this is beyond the
+ // scope of this example.
+ keyChannel := make(chan []byte)
+
+ // Channel to wait until both simulations are done
+ finished := make(chan bool)
+
+ // Simulate the conversation participants
+ go alice(sharedParams, sharedG, messageChannel, keyChannel, finished)
+ go bob(sharedParams, sharedG, messageChannel, keyChannel, finished)
+
+ // Wait for the communication to finish
+ <-finished
+ <-finished
+
+ // Output:
+ // Signature verified correctly
+}
+
+// Alice generates a keypair and signs a message
+func alice(sharedParams string, sharedG []byte, messageChannel chan *messageData, keyChannel chan []byte, finished chan bool) {
+ // Alice loads the system parameters
+ pairing, _ := pbc.NewPairingFromString(sharedParams)
+ g := pairing.NewG2().SetBytes(sharedG)
+
+ // Generate keypair (x, g^x)
+ privKey := pairing.NewZr().Rand()
+ pubKey := pairing.NewG2().PowZn(g, privKey)
+
+ // Send public key to Bob
+ keyChannel <- pubKey.Bytes()
+
+ // Some time later, sign a message, hashed to h, as h^x
+ message := "some text to sign"
+ h := pairing.NewG1().SetFromStringHash(message, sha256.New())
+ signature := pairing.NewG2().PowZn(h, privKey)
+
+ // Send the message and signature to Bob
+ messageChannel <- &messageData{message: message, signature: signature.Bytes()}
+
+ finished <- true
+}
+
+// Bob verifies a message received from Alice
+func bob(sharedParams string, sharedG []byte, messageChannel chan *messageData, keyChannel chan []byte, finished chan bool) {
+ // Bob loads the system parameters
+ pairing, _ := pbc.NewPairingFromString(sharedParams)
+ g := pairing.NewG2().SetBytes(sharedG)
+
+ // Bob receives Alice's public key (and presumably verifies it manually)
+ pubKey := pairing.NewG2().SetBytes(<-keyChannel)
+
+ // Some time later, Bob receives a message to verify
+ data := <-messageChannel
+ signature := pairing.NewG1().SetBytes(data.signature)
+
+ // To verify, Bob checks that e(h,g^x)=e(sig,g)
+ h := pairing.NewG1().SetFromStringHash(data.message, sha256.New())
+ temp1 := pairing.NewGT().Pair(h, pubKey)
+ temp2 := pairing.NewGT().Pair(signature, g)
+ if !temp1.Equals(temp2) {
+ fmt.Println("*BUG* Signature check failed *BUG*")
+ } else {
+ fmt.Println("Signature verified correctly")
+ }
+
+ finished <- true
+}
diff --git a/doc_test.go b/doc_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b102e52d7aeaff9aef6eded04273122ed1a96be7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+/*
+ Copyright © 2015 Nik Unger
+
+ This file is part of The PBC Go Wrapper.
+
+ The PBC Go Wrapper is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+ the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ (at your option) any later version.
+
+ The PBC Go Wrapper is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+ GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+ You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+ along with The PBC Go Wrapper. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+ The PBC Go Wrapper makes use of The PBC library. The PBC Library and its
+ use are covered under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+ version 3, or (at your option) any later version.
+*/
+
+package pbc_test
+
+import (
+ "fmt"
+
+ "github.com/Nik-U/pbc"
+)
+
+// This example generates a pairing and some random group elements, then applies
+// the pairing operation.
+func Example() {
+ // In a real application, generate this once and publish it
+ params := pbc.GenerateA(160, 512)
+
+ pairing := params.NewPairing()
+
+ // Initialize group elements. pbc automatically handles garbage collection.
+ g := pairing.NewG1()
+ h := pairing.NewG2()
+ x := pairing.NewGT()
+
+ // Generate random group elements and pair them
+ g.Rand()
+ h.Rand()
+ fmt.Printf("g = %s\n", g)
+ fmt.Printf("h = %s\n", h)
+ x.Pair(g, h)
+ fmt.Printf("e(g,h) = %s\n", x)
+}
+
+// This example displays an element in a variety of formats.
+func ExampleElement_Format(element *pbc.Element) {
+ fmt.Printf("%v", element) // Print in PBC format
+ fmt.Printf("%s", element) // Same as above
+ fmt.Printf("%36v", element) // Print in PBC format, base 36
+ fmt.Printf("%#v", element) // Print metadata about element
+ fmt.Printf("%d", element) // Print with Go
+ fmt.Printf("%010o", element) // Print with Go, zero-padded width-10 octal
+}
diff --git a/element.go b/element.go
index 0b9005a2b55538e89e9b5b15be375cf4c9b892f7..7c51b51276146b6a9f9b96a6bdae609bdacc7598 100644
--- a/element.go
+++ b/element.go
@@ -1,3 +1,26 @@
+/*
+ Copyright © 2015 Nik Unger
+
+ This file is part of The PBC Go Wrapper.
+
+ The PBC Go Wrapper is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+ the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ (at your option) any later version.
+
+ The PBC Go Wrapper is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+ GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+ You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+ along with The PBC Go Wrapper. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+ The PBC Go Wrapper makes use of The PBC library. The PBC Library and its
+ use are covered under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+ version 3, or (at your option) any later version.
+*/
+
package pbc
/*
@@ -23,7 +46,8 @@ import "runtime"
//
// x.Add(a, b).Mul(x, c).Square(x)
//
-// This assigns x = ((a+b)*c)^2.
+// This assigns x = ((a+b)*c)^2. Whenever possible, the methods defined on
+// Element use the same names as those in the math/big package.
//
// This technique is useful because it allows the target of operations to be
// different than the operands. However, several convenience functions have
@@ -33,8 +57,11 @@ import "runtime"
//
// x.Add(a, b).ThenMul(c).ThenSquare()
//
-// Whenever possible, the methods defined on Element use the same names as
-// those in the math/big package.
+// For some applications, it is more readable to avoid method chaining:
+//
+// x.Add(a, b)
+// x.Mul(x, c)
+// x.Square(x)
//
// The addition and multiplication functions perform addition and
// multiplication operations in rings and fields. For groups of points on an
diff --git a/element_arith.go b/element_arith.go
index 210e593a17f552172079bec12e6eb32413984b15..4a233ba63dfd14b4d3971d0ed03fce4fec9c4884 100644
--- a/element_arith.go
+++ b/element_arith.go
@@ -1,3 +1,26 @@
+/*
+ Copyright © 2015 Nik Unger
+
+ This file is part of The PBC Go Wrapper.
+
+ The PBC Go Wrapper is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+ the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ (at your option) any later version.
+
+ The PBC Go Wrapper is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+ GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+ You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+ along with The PBC Go Wrapper. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+ The PBC Go Wrapper makes use of The PBC library. The PBC Library and its
+ use are covered under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+ version 3, or (at your option) any later version.
+*/
+
package pbc
/*
diff --git a/element_arith_simple.go b/element_arith_simple.go
index dae9ff82097c6d13f52107c960b8488b6825c557..4285f21f91b366be7e974b8b991b8c69ecc150ec 100644
--- a/element_arith_simple.go
+++ b/element_arith_simple.go
@@ -1,3 +1,26 @@
+/*
+ Copyright © 2015 Nik Unger
+
+ This file is part of The PBC Go Wrapper.
+
+ The PBC Go Wrapper is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+ the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ (at your option) any later version.
+
+ The PBC Go Wrapper is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+ GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+ You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+ along with The PBC Go Wrapper. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+ The PBC Go Wrapper makes use of The PBC library. The PBC Library and its
+ use are covered under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+ version 3, or (at your option) any later version.
+*/
+
package pbc
import "math/big"
diff --git a/element_fmt.go b/element_fmt.go
index a6f67353be7b72baf5284c39c146d3bb16e12ed4..45f157d40305a30540a1b0d144458a76b79315bc 100644
--- a/element_fmt.go
+++ b/element_fmt.go
@@ -1,3 +1,26 @@
+/*
+ Copyright © 2015 Nik Unger
+
+ This file is part of The PBC Go Wrapper.
+
+ The PBC Go Wrapper is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+ the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ (at your option) any later version.
+
+ The PBC Go Wrapper is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+ GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+ You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+ along with The PBC Go Wrapper. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+ The PBC Go Wrapper makes use of The PBC library. The PBC Library and its
+ use are covered under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+ version 3, or (at your option) any later version.
+*/
+
package pbc
/*
diff --git a/element_io.go b/element_io.go
index b57c5fdfe23114d38193cce3e1513fcd590ad0c1..62169f611411cde8bdd109ff322478139304986e 100644
--- a/element_io.go
+++ b/element_io.go
@@ -1,3 +1,26 @@
+/*
+ Copyright © 2015 Nik Unger
+
+ This file is part of The PBC Go Wrapper.
+
+ The PBC Go Wrapper is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+ the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ (at your option) any later version.
+
+ The PBC Go Wrapper is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+ GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+ You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+ along with The PBC Go Wrapper. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+ The PBC Go Wrapper makes use of The PBC library. The PBC Library and its
+ use are covered under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+ version 3, or (at your option) any later version.
+*/
+
package pbc
/*
@@ -12,6 +35,9 @@ import (
)
// BigInt converts the Element to a big.Int if such an operation makes sense.
+// Note that elements in GT cannot be converted using this method, even though
+// this is possible in the original PBC library. If callers wish to convert the
+// first coordinate into an integer, they should explicitly call X().
//
// Requirements:
// el is expressible as an integer (e.g., an element of Zn, but not a point).
diff --git a/element_misc.go b/element_misc.go
index 51f11c9b7093ed31b8bc045d74a627611938784c..5da5811f33d174b28393810952db6a05b3b2afcc 100644
--- a/element_misc.go
+++ b/element_misc.go
@@ -1,3 +1,26 @@
+/*
+ Copyright © 2015 Nik Unger
+
+ This file is part of The PBC Go Wrapper.
+
+ The PBC Go Wrapper is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+ the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ (at your option) any later version.
+
+ The PBC Go Wrapper is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+ GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+ You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+ along with The PBC Go Wrapper. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+ The PBC Go Wrapper makes use of The PBC library. The PBC Library and its
+ use are covered under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+ version 3, or (at your option) any later version.
+*/
+
package pbc
/*
diff --git a/errors.go b/errors.go
index 5dcb89367a4b26034e9a2b46f94aa3ae3c7c3101..99aef06042d124854f4dad0b3ad60f5a35d45dc9 100644
--- a/errors.go
+++ b/errors.go
@@ -1,3 +1,26 @@
+/*
+ Copyright © 2015 Nik Unger
+
+ This file is part of The PBC Go Wrapper.
+
+ The PBC Go Wrapper is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+ the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ (at your option) any later version.
+
+ The PBC Go Wrapper is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+ GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+ You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+ along with The PBC Go Wrapper. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+ The PBC Go Wrapper makes use of The PBC library. The PBC Library and its
+ use are covered under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+ version 3, or (at your option) any later version.
+*/
+
package pbc
import "errors"
diff --git a/example_test.go b/example_test.go
deleted file mode 100644
index 537f3b17ecd9dffa1873ad2ef612eecb8152b7ee..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000
--- a/example_test.go
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,38 +0,0 @@
-package pbc_test
-
-import (
- "fmt"
-
- "github.com/Nik-U/pbc"
-)
-
-// This example generates a pairing and some random group elements, then applies
-// the pairing operation.
-func Example() {
- // In a real application, generate this once and publish it
- params := pbc.GenerateA(160, 512)
-
- pairing := params.NewPairing()
-
- // Initialize group elements. pbc automatically handles garbage collection.
- g := pairing.NewG1()
- h := pairing.NewG2()
- x := pairing.NewGT()
-
- // Generate random group elements and pair them
- g.Rand()
- h.Rand()
- fmt.Printf("g = %s\n", g)
- fmt.Printf("h = %s\n", h)
- x.Pair(g, h)
- fmt.Printf("e(g,h) = %s\n", x)
-}
-
-func ExampleElement_Format() {
- fmt.Printf("%v", element) // Print in PBC format
- fmt.Printf("%s", element) // Same as above
- fmt.Printf("%36v", element) // Print in PBC format, base 36
- fmt.Printf("%#v", element) // Print metadata about element
- fmt.Printf("%d", element) // Print with Go
- fmt.Printf("%010o", element) // Print with Go, zero-padded width-10 octal
-}
diff --git a/generation.go b/generation.go
index 9e2a9fb2bff53383e044b023fc644041ef3b81e2..ed4d722ad7bf84866d9ef3ba5b15dfc903f1d69e 100644
--- a/generation.go
+++ b/generation.go
@@ -1,3 +1,26 @@
+/*
+ Copyright © 2015 Nik Unger
+
+ This file is part of The PBC Go Wrapper.
+
+ The PBC Go Wrapper is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+ the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ (at your option) any later version.
+
+ The PBC Go Wrapper is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+ GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+ You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+ along with The PBC Go Wrapper. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+ The PBC Go Wrapper makes use of The PBC library. The PBC Library and its
+ use are covered under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+ version 3, or (at your option) any later version.
+*/
+
package pbc
/*
diff --git a/gmp_big.go b/gmp_big.go
index 11f5acb036a0f03e405640f42227d904f32697ea..48621f4ca915759e927c3adf8af22a26f115cceb 100644
--- a/gmp_big.go
+++ b/gmp_big.go
@@ -1,3 +1,26 @@
+/*
+ Copyright © 2015 Nik Unger
+
+ This file is part of The PBC Go Wrapper.
+
+ The PBC Go Wrapper is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+ the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ (at your option) any later version.
+
+ The PBC Go Wrapper is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+ GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+ You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+ along with The PBC Go Wrapper. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+ The PBC Go Wrapper makes use of The PBC library. The PBC Library and its
+ use are covered under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+ version 3, or (at your option) any later version.
+*/
+
package pbc
/*
diff --git a/pairing.go b/pairing.go
index 9d49331d277be565caa6b0bc204dba0c7ec3f65c..0516c69b37f5f1ff5b45aeff9fdce3b1a6c9786c 100644
--- a/pairing.go
+++ b/pairing.go
@@ -1,3 +1,26 @@
+/*
+ Copyright © 2015 Nik Unger
+
+ This file is part of The PBC Go Wrapper.
+
+ The PBC Go Wrapper is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+ the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ (at your option) any later version.
+
+ The PBC Go Wrapper is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+ GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+ You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+ along with The PBC Go Wrapper. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+ The PBC Go Wrapper makes use of The PBC library. The PBC Library and its
+ use are covered under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+ version 3, or (at your option) any later version.
+*/
+
package pbc
/*
diff --git a/params.go b/params.go
index 5d623af7ef95fe135ec29c31f1c33b91b72db2f2..2da5fd5316ff5cf694b39d996d999b6682bcd675 100644
--- a/params.go
+++ b/params.go
@@ -1,3 +1,26 @@
+/*
+ Copyright © 2015 Nik Unger
+
+ This file is part of The PBC Go Wrapper.
+
+ The PBC Go Wrapper is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+ the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ (at your option) any later version.
+
+ The PBC Go Wrapper is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+ GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+ You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+ along with The PBC Go Wrapper. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+ The PBC Go Wrapper makes use of The PBC library. The PBC Library and its
+ use are covered under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+ version 3, or (at your option) any later version.
+*/
+
package pbc
/*
diff --git a/pbc_test.go b/pbc_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..15f06e00451067d86d02ce1cdbd49e0b086fb391
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pbc_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,527 @@
+/*
+ Copyright © 2015 Nik Unger
+
+ This file is part of The PBC Go Wrapper.
+
+ The PBC Go Wrapper is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+ the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ (at your option) any later version.
+
+ The PBC Go Wrapper is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+ GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+ You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+ along with The PBC Go Wrapper. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+ The PBC Go Wrapper makes use of The PBC library. The PBC Library and its
+ use are covered under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+ version 3, or (at your option) any later version.
+*/
+
+package pbc
+
+import (
+ "crypto/sha256"
+ "math/big"
+ "testing"
+)
+
+func testPairing(t *testing.T) *Pairing {
+ // Generated with pbc_param_init_a_gen(p, 10, 32);
+ pairing, err := NewPairingFromString("type a\nq 4025338979\nh 6279780\nr 641\nexp2 9\nexp1 7\nsign1 1\nsign0 1\n")
+ if err != nil {
+ t.Fatalf("Could not instantiate test pairing")
+ }
+ return pairing
+}
+
+func logElement(e *Element, name string, t *testing.T) {
+ t.Logf("%s = %s\n", name, e)
+}
+
+// Boneh-Lynn-Shacham short signatures.
+// Based on pbc/example/bls.c (C author: Ben Lynn).
+func TestBLS(t *testing.T) {
+ pairing := testPairing(t)
+
+ g := pairing.NewG2()
+ publicKey := pairing.NewG2()
+ h := pairing.NewG1()
+ sig := pairing.NewG1()
+ temp1 := pairing.NewGT()
+ temp2 := pairing.NewGT()
+ secretKey := pairing.NewZr()
+
+ // Generate system parameters
+ g.Rand()
+ logElement(g, "g", t)
+
+ // Generate private key
+ secretKey.Rand()
+ logElement(secretKey, "secret key", t)
+
+ // Compute corresponding public key
+ publicKey.PowZn(g, secretKey)
+ logElement(publicKey, "public key", t)
+
+ // Generate element from a hash
+ // For toy pairings, should check that pairing(g, h) != 1
+ h.SetFromHash([]byte("hashofmessage"))
+ logElement(h, "message hash", t)
+
+ // h^secret_key is the signature
+ // In real life: only output the first coordinate
+ sig.PowZn(h, secretKey)
+ logElement(sig, "signature", t)
+
+ {
+ sigBefore := sig.NewFieldElement().Set(sig)
+ data := sig.CompressedBytes()
+ sig.SetCompressedBytes(data)
+ logElement(sig, "decompressed signature", t)
+ if !sig.Equals(sigBefore) {
+ t.Fatal("decompressed signature does not match")
+ }
+ }
+
+ // Verification part 1
+ temp1.Pair(sig, g)
+ logElement(temp1, "f(sig,g)", t)
+
+ // Verification part 2
+ // Should match above
+ temp2.Pair(h, publicKey)
+ logElement(temp2, "f(hash,pubkey)", t)
+
+ if !temp1.Equals(temp2) {
+ t.Fatal("signature does not verify")
+ }
+
+ {
+ data := sig.XBytes()
+ sig.SetXBytes(data)
+
+ temp1.Pair(sig, g)
+ if temp1.Equals(temp2) {
+ t.Log("signature verified on first try")
+ } else {
+ temp1.Invert(temp1)
+ if temp1.Equals(temp2) {
+ t.Log("signature verified on second try")
+ } else {
+ t.Fatal("signature does not verify")
+ }
+ }
+ }
+
+ // A random signature shouldn't verify
+ sig.Rand()
+ temp1.Pair(sig, g)
+ if temp1.Equals(temp2) {
+ t.Fatal("random signature verifies")
+ }
+}
+
+// Hess ID-based signatures.
+// Based on pbc/example/hess.c (C author: Dmitry Kosolapov).
+// Based on paper "F. Hess. Efficient Identity Based Signature Schemes Based on
+// Pairings. SAC 2002, LNCS 2595, Springer-Verlag, 2000"
+func TestHess(t *testing.T) {
+ pairing := testPairing(t)
+
+ p := pairing.NewG1()
+ p1 := pairing.NewG1()
+ qid := pairing.NewG1()
+ did := pairing.NewG1()
+ ppub := pairing.NewG1()
+ t4 := pairing.NewG1()
+ t5 := pairing.NewG1()
+ u := pairing.NewG1()
+
+ s := pairing.NewZr()
+ k := pairing.NewZr()
+ v := pairing.NewZr()
+ t8 := pairing.NewZr()
+
+ r := pairing.NewGT()
+ t1 := pairing.NewGT()
+ t6 := pairing.NewGT()
+ t7 := pairing.NewGT()
+
+ // h is defined as sha256(m || r) where r is interpreted as bytes
+ h := func(target *Element, message []byte, element *Element) {
+ hash := sha256.New()
+ hash.Write(message)
+ hash.Write(element.Bytes())
+ i := &big.Int{}
+ target.SetBig(i.SetBytes(hash.Sum([]byte{})))
+ }
+
+ // Key generation
+ p.Rand()
+ s.Rand()
+ qid.Rand()
+ ppub.MulZn(p, s)
+ did.MulZn(qid, s)
+ logElement(qid, "Qid", t)
+ logElement(p, "P", t)
+ logElement(ppub, "Ppub", t)
+
+ // Sign
+ p1.Rand()
+ k.Rand()
+ t1.Pair(p1, p)
+ r.PowZn(t1, k)
+ h(v, []byte("Message"), r)
+ t4.MulZn(did, v)
+ t5.MulZn(p1, k)
+ u.Add(t4, t5)
+ logElement(u, "u", t)
+ logElement(v, "v", t)
+
+ // Verify
+ t6.Pair(u, p)
+ ppub.Neg(ppub)
+ t7.Pair(qid, ppub)
+ t7.PowZn(t7, v)
+ r.Mul(t6, t7)
+ h(t8, []byte("Message"), r)
+ logElement(t8, "h3(m,r)", t)
+ if !t8.Equals(v) {
+ t.Fatal("signature does not verify")
+ }
+}
+
+// Joux one-round protocol for tripartite Diffie-Hellman.
+// Based on pbc/example/joux.c (C author: Dmitry Kosolapov).
+// Based on paper "A. Joux. A One Round Protocol for Tripartie Diffie-Hellman.
+// Proceedings of ANTS 4. LNCS 1838, pp. 385-394, 2000."
+func TestJoux(t *testing.T) {
+ pairing := testPairing(t)
+
+ p := pairing.NewG1()
+ t1 := pairing.NewG1()
+ t2 := pairing.NewG1()
+ t3 := pairing.NewG1()
+
+ a := pairing.NewZr()
+ b := pairing.NewZr()
+ c := pairing.NewZr()
+
+ t4 := pairing.NewGT()
+ t5 := pairing.NewGT()
+ t6 := pairing.NewGT()
+ ka := pairing.NewGT()
+ kb := pairing.NewGT()
+ kc := pairing.NewGT()
+
+ p.Rand()
+ a.Rand()
+ b.Rand()
+ c.Rand()
+ t1.MulZn(p, a)
+ logElement(t1, "aP", t)
+ t2.MulZn(p, b)
+ logElement(t2, "bP", t)
+ t3.MulZn(p, c)
+ logElement(t3, "cP", t)
+
+ t4.Pair(t2, t3)
+ ka.PowZn(t4, a)
+ logElement(ka, "Ka", t)
+ t5.Pair(t1, t3)
+ kb.PowZn(t5, b)
+ logElement(kb, "Kb", t)
+ t6.Pair(t1, t2)
+ kc.PowZn(t6, c)
+ logElement(kc, "Kc", t)
+
+ if !ka.Equals(kb) || !kb.Equals(kc) {
+ t.Fatal("shared key derivation failed")
+ }
+}
+
+// Paterson ID-based signature.
+// Based on pbc/example/paterson.c (C author: Dmitry Kosolapov).
+// Based on paper "K. G. Paterson. ID-Based Signatures from Pairings on
+// Elliptic Curves. Electron. Lett., Vol. 38". Available at
+// http://eprint.iacr.org/2002/004."
+func TestPaterson(t *testing.T) {
+ pairing := testPairing(t)
+
+ p := pairing.NewG1()
+ ppub := pairing.NewG1()
+ qid := pairing.NewG1()
+ did := pairing.NewG1()
+ r := pairing.NewG1()
+ s1 := pairing.NewG1()
+ t2 := pairing.NewG1()
+ t4 := pairing.NewG1()
+ t5 := pairing.NewG1()
+ t7 := pairing.NewG1()
+
+ s2 := pairing.NewZr()
+ k := pairing.NewZr()
+ t1 := pairing.NewZr()
+ t3 := pairing.NewZr()
+
+ t6 := pairing.NewGT()
+ t8 := pairing.NewGT()
+ t9 := pairing.NewGT()
+ t10 := pairing.NewGT()
+ t11 := pairing.NewGT()
+
+ // Key generation
+ p.Rand()
+ s2.Rand()
+ ppub.MulZn(p, s2)
+ logElement(p, "P", t)
+ logElement(ppub, "Ppub", t)
+ qid.SetFromHash([]byte("ID"))
+ logElement(qid, "Qid", t)
+ did.MulZn(qid, s2)
+
+ // Sign
+ k.Rand()
+ r.MulZn(p, k)
+ t1.SetFromHash([]byte("Message"))
+ t2.MulZn(p, t1)
+ h := sha256.Sum256(r.Bytes())
+ t3.SetFromHash(h[:])
+ t4.MulZn(did, t3)
+ t5.Add(t4, t2)
+ k.Invert(k)
+ s1.MulZn(t5, k)
+ logElement(r, "R", t)
+ logElement(s1, "S", t)
+
+ // Verify
+ t1.SetFromHash([]byte("Message"))
+ t7.MulZn(p, t1)
+ t6.Pair(p, t7)
+ t8.Pair(ppub, qid)
+ h = sha256.Sum256(r.Bytes())
+ t3.SetFromHash(h[:])
+ t9.PowZn(t8, t3)
+ logElement(t8, "t8", t)
+ logElement(t9, "t9", t)
+ t10.Mul(t6, t9)
+ logElement(t10, "[e(P, P)^H2(M)][e(Ppub, Qid)^H3(R)]", t)
+ t11.Pair(r, s1)
+ logElement(t11, "e(R, S)", t)
+ if !t10.Equals(t11) {
+ t.Fatal("signature does not verify")
+ }
+}
+
+// Yuan-Li protocol ID-based AKE.
+// Based on pbc/example/yuanli.c (C author: Dmitry Kosolapov).
+// Based on paper "A New Efficient ID-Based Authenticated Key Agreement
+// Protocol, Cryptology ePrint Archive, Report 2005/309"
+func TestYuanLi(t *testing.T) {
+ // This protocol has 2 stages: Setup and Extract. We represent them inside
+ // one code block.
+ pairing := testPairing(t)
+
+ s := pairing.NewZr()
+ a := pairing.NewZr()
+ b := pairing.NewZr()
+
+ p := pairing.NewG1()
+ ppub := pairing.NewG1()
+ qa := pairing.NewG1()
+ qb := pairing.NewG1()
+ sa := pairing.NewG1()
+ sb := pairing.NewG1()
+ ta := pairing.NewG1()
+ tb := pairing.NewG1()
+ temp1 := pairing.NewG1()
+ temp2 := pairing.NewG1()
+ temp3 := pairing.NewG1()
+ h := pairing.NewG1()
+
+ kab := pairing.NewGT()
+ kba := pairing.NewGT()
+ k := pairing.NewGT()
+ temp4 := pairing.NewGT()
+ temp5 := pairing.NewGT()
+
+ // SETUP:
+ // KGS chooses G1, G2, e: G1*G1 -> G2, P, H: {0, 1}* -> G1, s,
+ // H - some function for key calculation.
+ // KGS calculates Ppub = s*P, publishes {G1, G2, e, P, Ppub, H1, H} and
+ // saves s as master key.
+ p.Rand()
+ logElement(p, "P", t)
+ s.Rand()
+ ppub.MulZn(p, s)
+ logElement(ppub, "Ppub", t)
+
+ // EXTRACT:
+ // For the user with ID public key can be calculated with Qid = H1(ID).
+ // KGS generates bound public key Sid = s*Qid.
+ // 1. A chooses random a from Z_p*, calculates Ta = a*P.
+ // A -> B: Ta
+ // 2. B chooses random b from Z_p*, calculates Tb = b*P.
+ // B -> A: Tb
+ // 3. A calculates h = a*Tb = a*b*P and shared secret key
+ // Kab = e(a*Ppub + Sa, Tb + Qb)
+ // 4. B calculates h = b*Ta = a*b*P and shared secret key
+ // Kba = e(Ta + Qa, b*Ppub + Sb)
+ // Session key is K = H(A, B, h, Kab).
+ // H was not defined in the original article.
+ // It is defined here as H(A, B, h, Kab)=e(h,H1(A)+H1(B))+Kab.
+ qa.SetFromHash([]byte("A"))
+ qb.SetFromHash([]byte("B"))
+ sa.MulZn(qa, s)
+ sb.MulZn(qb, s)
+ logElement(sa, "Sa", t)
+ logElement(sb, "Sb", t)
+
+ // Step 1
+ a.Rand()
+ ta.MulZn(p, a)
+ logElement(ta, "A->B Ta", t)
+
+ // Step 2
+ b.Rand()
+ tb.MulZn(p, b)
+ logElement(tb, "B->A Tb", t)
+
+ // Step 3
+ h.MulZn(tb, a)
+ logElement(h, "h", t)
+ temp1.MulZn(ppub, a)
+ temp1.Add(temp1, sa)
+ temp2.Add(tb, qb)
+ kab.Pair(temp1, temp2)
+ logElement(kab, "Kab", t)
+
+ // Step 4
+ h.MulZn(ta, b)
+ logElement(h, "h", t)
+ temp1.Add(ta, qa)
+ temp2.MulZn(ppub, b)
+ temp2.Add(temp2, sb)
+ kba.Pair(temp1, temp2)
+ logElement(kba, "Kba", t)
+
+ // Conclusion
+ temp3.Add(qa, qb)
+ temp4.Pair(h, temp3)
+
+ k.Add(temp4, kab)
+ logElement(k, "A's key K", t)
+ temp5.Set(k)
+
+ k.Add(temp4, kba)
+ logElement(k, "B's key K", t)
+
+ if !temp5.Equals(k) {
+ t.Fatalf("derived keys did not match")
+ }
+}
+
+// Zhang-Kim ID-based Blind Signature scheme.
+// Based on pbc/example/zhangkim.c (C author: Dmitry Kosolapov).
+// Based on paper "F. Zang, K. Kim. ID-based Blind Signature and Ring Signature
+// from Pairings. Advances in Cryptology - Asiacrypt 2002, LNCS Vol. 2510,
+// Springer-Verlag, 2002"
+func TestZhangKim(t *testing.T) {
+ pairing := testPairing(t)
+
+ p := pairing.NewG1()
+ ppub := pairing.NewG1()
+ qid := pairing.NewG1()
+ sid := pairing.NewG1()
+ r1 := pairing.NewG1()
+ s1 := pairing.NewG1()
+ t1 := pairing.NewG1()
+ t2 := pairing.NewG1()
+ t7 := pairing.NewG1()
+ t8 := pairing.NewG1()
+ t9 := pairing.NewG1()
+
+ rr := pairing.NewZr()
+ sr := pairing.NewZr()
+ c := pairing.NewZr()
+ a := pairing.NewZr()
+ b := pairing.NewZr()
+ negc := pairing.NewZr()
+ t6 := pairing.NewZr()
+ t14 := pairing.NewZr()
+
+ t3 := pairing.NewGT()
+ t10 := pairing.NewGT()
+ t11 := pairing.NewGT()
+ t12 := pairing.NewGT()
+
+ // h is defined as sha256(m || r) where r is interpreted as bytes
+ h := func(target *Element, message []byte, element *Element) {
+ hash := sha256.New()
+ hash.Write(message)
+ hash.Write(element.Bytes())
+ i := &big.Int{}
+ target.SetBig(i.SetBytes(hash.Sum([]byte{})))
+ }
+
+ // Setup
+ p.Rand()
+ sr.Rand()
+ ppub.MulZn(p, sr)
+ logElement(p, "P", t)
+ logElement(ppub, "Ppub", t)
+
+ // Extract
+ qid.SetFromHash([]byte("ID"))
+ sid.MulZn(qid, sr)
+ logElement(qid, "Public key Qid", t)
+ logElement(sid, "Private key Sid", t)
+
+ // Issue blind signature
+ rr.Rand()
+ r1.MulZn(p, rr)
+ // Signer sends r1 = rr*P to user
+ logElement(r1, "R", t)
+ // Now we blind
+ a.Rand()
+ b.Rand()
+ t1.MulZn(p, a)
+ t1.Add(r1, t1)
+ t2.MulZn(qid, b)
+ t2.Add(t2, t1)
+ t3.Pair(t2, ppub)
+ h(t6, []byte("Message"), t3)
+ c.Add(t6, b)
+ // User sends c to signer
+ logElement(c, "c", t)
+ // Now we sign
+ t7.MulZn(ppub, rr)
+ t8.MulZn(sid, c)
+ s1.Add(t8, t7)
+ // Signer sends s1
+ logElement(s1, "S", t)
+ // Now we unblind
+ t9.MulZn(ppub, a)
+ s1.Add(s1, t9)
+ c.Sub(c, b)
+ // Blind signature is now (S, c)
+ logElement(s1, "S1", t)
+ logElement(c, "c1", t)
+
+ // Verification
+ t10.Pair(qid, ppub)
+ negc.Neg(c)
+ t10.PowZn(t10, negc)
+ t11.Pair(s1, p)
+ t12.Mul(t11, t10)
+ h(t14, []byte("Message"), t12)
+ logElement(c, "c1", t)
+ logElement(t14, "H(m, [e(S1, P)][e(Qid, Ppub)^(-c1)])", t)
+ if !t14.Equals(c) {
+ t.Fatal("signature does not verify")
+ }
+}
diff --git a/rand_hook.c b/rand_hook.c
index 809c39477721ab850a5eeffdaae2bffce0f007f0..93baf1818dd30022cafed1bfce254317b1320f6d 100644
--- a/rand_hook.c
+++ b/rand_hook.c
@@ -1,3 +1,26 @@
+/*
+ Copyright © 2015 Nik Unger
+
+ This file is part of The PBC Go Wrapper.
+
+ The PBC Go Wrapper is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+ the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ (at your option) any later version.
+
+ The PBC Go Wrapper is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+ GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+ You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+ along with The PBC Go Wrapper. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+ The PBC Go Wrapper makes use of The PBC library. The PBC Library and its
+ use are covered under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+ version 3, or (at your option) any later version.
+*/
+
#include "_cgo_export.h"
#include <pbc/pbc.h>
diff --git a/utils.go b/utils.go
index b990cea77f71361897951255d2cfa409d5214b89..555b7d1204014f8928f3d446f962fa8cda1a45db 100644
--- a/utils.go
+++ b/utils.go
@@ -1,3 +1,26 @@
+/*
+ Copyright © 2015 Nik Unger
+
+ This file is part of The PBC Go Wrapper.
+
+ The PBC Go Wrapper is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+ the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ (at your option) any later version.
+
+ The PBC Go Wrapper is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+ GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+ You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+ along with The PBC Go Wrapper. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+ The PBC Go Wrapper makes use of The PBC library. The PBC Library and its
+ use are covered under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+ version 3, or (at your option) any later version.
+*/
+
package pbc
/*